Características clínico-epidemiológicas y evolución del tratamiento en pacientes con úlceras corneales / Clinical-epidemiological characteristics and treatment evolution of patients with corneal ulcer

Las úlceras corneales de origen infeccioso son una emergencia oftalmológica que amenaza la visión y la integridad estructural del ojo, causando ceguera en 1,5 a 2 millones de casos al año por lo que requiere tratamiento inmediato. El objetivo fue determinar el patrón epidemiológico, factores de riesgo y efectividad del tratamiento en pacientes con úlcera corneal en la Fundación Visión en el periodo 2015-2017. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo donde se evaluó 53 pacientes con úlcera corneal de causa infecciosa que consultaron en la Fundación Visión en el periodo 2015-2017, y tuvieron un seguimiento mínimo de 4 meses. Se encontró un predominio del sexo masculino (69,8%), edad 45-65 años (49,1%), casados (54,7%), de condición socioeconómica baja (56,6%), agricultores (26,4%), con antecedente de traumatismo corneal (69,8%) o uso de lentes de contacto (17%). El agente etiológico fue bacteriano en el 49,1% y micótico en el 37,7%; para los de origen bacteriano el tratamiento más empleado fueron colirios fortificados de Cefazolina + Gentamicina y Natamicina/Fluconazol en caso de ser micótico. La evolución fue favorable en 90,9% y 80,0% de los bacterianos y micóticos, respectivamente. Los grupos de riesgo detectados fueron pacientes varones, agricultores, de condición socioeconómica baja, con antecedente de traumatismo corneal o uso de lentes de contacto. La efectividad del tratamiento utilizado fue mayor al 80%, siendo en su mayoría patógenos bacterianos(AU)

Keratitis by Aspergillus flavus infection after cataract surgery / Ceratite por infecção com Aspergillus flavus após facoemulsificação

ABSTRACT We report a case of keratis infection after cataract phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in a 65-year-old female patient. The patient initially underwent cataract surgery on the right eye. Intraocular inflammation appeared on the second post-operative day and was initially treated as Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS). The inflammation was reduced and vision improved initially but very aggressive and progressive keratitis destroyed the cornea due to the delay in correct diagnosis. Aspergillus flavus was isolated from a biopsy.The infection was treated with antifungal agents and loss of the eye was avoided by total corneal transplantation associated with Gundersen conjunctiva cover. To restore the lost vision, a second penetrating corneal graft with removal of the conjunctiva cover was performed 17 months later. The final best-corrected vision was 20/40 but prognosis for long-term graft survival is poor.

RESUMO Nós relatamos um caso de ceratite após facoemulsificação de catarata com implantação de lente intraocular em uma paciente de 65 anos. A paciente inicialmente passou cirurgia para catarata no olho direito. A inflamação apareceu no segundo dia pós-cirurgia, inicialmente tratada como Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS). A inflamação foi reduzida e a visão melhorou, porém uma ceratite progressiva e agressivo destruiu a córnea devido à demora do diagnóstico correto. O fungo Aspergillus flavus foi isolado de uma biópsia. A infecção foi tratada com agentes antifúngicos e a perda do olho foi evitada por transplantação da córnea associada com cobertura da conjuntiva tipo Gunderson. Para recuperar a visão, um segundo enxerto corneal penetrante com remoção da cobertura conjuntival foi realizado após 17 meses. A qualidade visual final era 20/40, porém o prognóstico para sobrevivência do enxerto no longo prazo é negativo.

Multi-resistant Enterococci and Morganella morganii: a rare cause of complicated keratitis

An eighty-five-year-old female presented with preexisting conditions of benign essential hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic renal failure and diabetes mellitus type 2. She had gastroenteritis, pain and redness in right [blind] eye with corneal decompensation, scarring and right-eye corneal ulcer with hypopyon. Corneal scrapings sent for culture report revealed growth of Morganella Morganii and Enterococci Corneal ulcer was successfully treated with topical and oral antibiotics

Úlceras corneales en usuarios de lentes de contacto / Corneal ulcers in contact lens wearers

El empleo de lentes de contacto se ha incrementado a nivel mundial. En la actualidad su uso no se restringe solamente a la corrección óptica, sino que se utilizan con fines terapéuticos, ya que generan comodidad y estética en múltiples afecciones oculares. Es de esperar el creciente aumento de las complicaciones relacionadas con el uso de estos, por ser la queratitis bacteriana potencialmente grave y devastadora para el globo ocular. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las úlceras corneales en portadores de lentes de contacto con el objetivo de describir su epidemiología y las formas de prevenir esta complicación(AU)

The use of contact lenses has increased worldwide. Their current uses comprise optical correction as well as therapeutic purposes since they bring comfortableness and esthetics in a number of ocular diseases. It is expected that contact lenses-related complications will grow because bacterial keratitis is potentially severe and devastating for the eyeball. A literature review on the presence of corneal ulcers in contact lens wearers was made to describe the epidemiology and the ways of preventing this complication(AU)

Estudio de seguimiento de la queratitis infecciosa en la Clínica Barraquer / Infectious keratitis at Clinica Barraquer

Propósito: establecer los factores predisponentes y agentes etiológicos de queratitis infecciosa, su manejo, complicaciones, secuelas y cirugías realizadas. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo de seguimiento en 238 historias clínicas procedentes de pacientes con diagnóstico queratitis infecciosa de la Clínica Barraquer de América durante enero 2009 a diciembre 2013. Cumplieron con los criterios de selección: diagnóstico de queratitis infecciosa, así como las variables sociodemográfi cas, factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas, tratamientos, cultivos, complicaciones, secuelas y estado al egreso. Resultados: el 50,4% hombres, edades entre los 3 y los 93 años con promedio de 49±20 años. El grupo etáreo más frecuente fue de 40 a 59 años (36,2%). El uso de lentes de contacto fue el factor de riesgo más frecuente (19.3%), seguido por la queratitis herpética (10.5%) y el trauma (8.8%). La queratitis bacteriana fue el diagnóstico más frecuente (72.3%), seguido de la queratitis micótica (10.5%) y la herpética (6.3%). Las bacterias: S.epidermidis (28.4%), S. aureus (14,9%) y Bacillus spp, Escherichia coli,. Los hongos: Aspergillus spp. y Fusarium spp. (8,1%), en menores proporciones la Candida spp. Parásitos: la Acanthamoeba (9,5%). Las complicaciones: la perforación corneal (9.2%). La cirugía más frecuente fue el recubrimiento conjuntival (n=22), la queratoplastia penetrante ( n=11 ) y evisceración (n=7). La secuela más frecuente leucoma corneal (94.7%). Conclusion: es importante un diagnóstico temprano, el reconocimiento de factores de riesgo y caracterización de la lesión, establecer un rango de probables agentes infecciosos y así un manejo terapéutico adecuado.

Purpose: to establish the predisposing factors and etiologic agent of infectious keratitis, management, complications, sequels and surgeries performed. Methodology: retrospective study of medical records tracking 238 patients from diagnosis of infectious keratitis at Clínica Barraquer de América, during January 2009 to December 2013. Met the selection criteria: diagnosis of infectious keratitis and sociodemographic variables, risk factors, signs and symptoms, treatments, cultures, complications, sequelae and discharge status. Results: 50.4% male, ages 3 to 93 years with a mean of 49 ± 20 years. The most common age group was 40-59 years (36.2%). The use of contact lenses was the most frequent risk factor (19.3%), followed by herpetic keratitis (10.5%) and trauma (8.8%). Bacterial keratitis was the most common diagnosis (72.3%), followed by mycotic keratitis (10.5%) and herpes (6.3%). Bacteria: S. epidermidis (28.4%), S. aureus (14.9%) and Bacillus spp, Escherichia coli. Fungi: Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. (8.1%), in smaller proportions Candida spp. Parasites: Acanthamoeba (9.5%). Complications: corneal perforation (9.2%). The most frequent surgical procedure was conjunctival flap surgery (n=22), penetrating keratoplasty (n=11) and evisceration (n=7). Th e most common sequel corneal leucoma (94.7%). Conclusion: early diagnosis is important, recognition of risk factors and lesion characterization, establish a range of probable infectious agents and thus appropriate therapeutic management.

Queratitis lamelar difusa después de un corte incompleto / Diffuse lamellar keratitis after incomplete corneal flap cut

La queratitis lamelar difusa es una inflamación estéril de la interfase lamelar que suele presentarse 24 horas después de la realización de la queratomileusis in situ asistida con láser y potencialmente puede comprometer la agudeza visual final. Se presenta un paciente de 25 años de edad con antecedentes de cirugía refractiva corneal mediante queratomileusis in situ con láser en el ojo derecho, que tuvo como complicación durante el acto quirúrgico un corte incompleto. En el posoperatorio inmediato se le diagnosticó una queratitis lamelar difusa. Se aplicó tratamiento local y se obtuvo la recuperación visual total del paciente con estabilidad del defecto refractivo. Esto permite posteriormente realizarle la corrección mediante cirugía refractiva de superficie

The diffuse lamellar keratitis is a sterile swelling of the lamellar interface which arises generally 24 hours after laser in situ keratomileusis and might affect the final visual acuity. A 25 years- old patient with history of corneal refractive surgery by laser in situ keratomileusis on his right eye was reported. He suffered from an incomplete corneal flap cut as complication during the surgical procedure, and a diffuse lamellar keratitis was detected at the immediate postsurgical visit. Total visual recovery and the refractive defect stability were attained through local treatment. This allows further correcting the defect by means of a surface refractive surgery in the future

Comparative study on the incidence and outcomes of pigmented versus non pigmented keratomycosis.

Purpose: To determine the incidence, outcomes and establish factors determining visual prognosis of keratomycosis due to pigmented fungi in comparison with nonpigmented fungi. Materials and Methods: All culture-proven cases of fungal keratitis from January 2006 to August 2008 were drawn from a computerized database and cases with adequate documentation were analyzed for predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, microbiology and treatment methods. Outcomes of keratitis due to pigmented and nonpigmented fungi were compared using t-test and χ2 test. Results: Of 373 cases of keratomycosis during the study period, pigmented fungi were etiological agents in 117 eyes (31.3%) and nonpigmented fungi in 256 eyes (68.7%). Eyes with nonpigmented keratitis had significantly larger ulcers (14.96 mm2 ) and poorer vision (1.42 logMAR) at presentation compared to those with keratomycosis due to pigmented fungi (P=0.01). The characteristic macroscopic pigmentation was seen in only 14.5% in the pigmented keratitis group. Both groups responded favorably to medical therapy (78.1% vs. 69.1%) with scar formation (P=0.32) and showed a significant improvement in mean visual acuity compared with that at presentation (P<0.01). Visual improvement in terms of line gainers and losers in the subgroup of eyes that experienced healing was also similar. Location of the ulcer was the only factor that had significant predictive value for visual outcome (P=0.021). Conclusion: Incidence of keratomycosis due to pigmented fungi may be increasing as compared to previous data. These eyes have similar response to medical therapy and similar visual outcome compared to nonpigmented keratitis. Central ulcers have a poor visual outcome.

Fungal keratitis in Lattice dystrophy.

We report a case of fungal keratitis occurring in a patient with lattice dystrophy. A 57-year-old farmer presented with a corneal ulcer following probable entry of paddy husk in the right eye, of one month duration. Corneal scraping revealed pigmented fungal filaments while culture grew Alternaria alternata. Treatment with 5% natamycin eye drops and 1% atropine healed the infection in four weeks. We would like to draw attention to the fact that the cornea in lattice dystrophy is prone to frequent erosions and is a compromised epithelial barrier to invasion by microorganisms. Patients must be made aware of this fact and should seek attention at the earliest following any trivial trauma. Management of minor corneal abrasions in them should be directed at healing the epithelium with adequate lubricants and preventing infection with topical antibiotic prophylaxis.

Queratotoxon o anillos cornéales / Corneal rings

Los anillos cornéales habitualmente no son completos, pueden representar desde cambios fisiológicos (anillo limbar ) hasta enfermedades que, si no son diagnosticadas y tratadas oportunamente, pueden terminar con la visión, el ojo e, incluso, con la vida del paciente (anillo limbar, embriotoxon anterior, embriotoxon posterior), de la segunda a cuarta década de la vida (arco juvenil, anillo de Fleisher, anillo de Kayser-Fleisher, queratoconjutivitis alérgica, distrofia corneal anular, desgeneración marginal de Terrien) y seniles (gerotoxon). La distrofia corneal de Schnyder puede presentarse tan precozmente como al año y medio de edad. El anillo por anestésico local, lo hemos visto desde la adolescencia en adelante. Los anillos cornéales intraestromales se implantan, en general, a partir de la tercera o cuarta década de la vida. El anillo de Wessely, el anillo por queratoplastía y el anillo blanco de Cotas pueden presentarse en cualquier etapa de la vida. Respecto a su ubicación pueden ser paracentrales, paralimbares y perilesionales.

A Korean Case of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

PURPOSE: Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare disease showing characteristic facial appearance, developmental delay, growth retardation, low birth weight, skeletal formation anomaly, hirsutism and various ophthalmologic problems. METHODS: We experienced a case of an 18-year-old female with Cornelia de Lange syndrome showing superficial keratitis with entropion, ptosis, high myopia, lacrimal cutaneous fistula and characteristic facial appearance. She was born with low birth weight, operated for cleft palate and diagnosed with ventricular septal defect. In addition, she showed psychological lag and developmental impairment. RESULTS: We performed entropion correction surgery, administered medical therapy for superficial keratitis and prescribed glasses for her myopia. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case report on the successful correction of entropion with Cornelia de Lange syndrome in Korea.

Análise laboratorial de ceratites fungicas em Serviço Universitário / Laboratorial analyses of fungal keratitis in a University Service

Apresentar a frequencia e o tipo de fungos identificados de infecçöes corneanas. Métodos: Levantamento retrospectivo dos casos de ceratites micóticas, no Laboratório Micribiologia Ocular do Departamento de Oftalmologia da Universidade Federal de Säo Paulo (UNIFESP) no período entre 1995 a 1998. Descriçäo dos isolamentos de fungos, análises dos fatores desencadeantes e relaçäo com o número de ceratites infecciosas no mesmo período. Resultados/Conclusäo: Ceratites micóticas foram diagnosticados em 61 (5,48 por cento) dos 113 pacientes que apresentaram úlcera de córnea de etiologia infecciosa, com variaçäo de 3,46 - 9,25 por cento, ao ano. Fungos filamentosos foram identificados em 47 casos (77,04 por cento) e leveduras em 14 (22,95 por cento). Fusarium foi o gênero mais frequente (50,82 por cento), seguido de Candida (22,95 por cento) e Aspergillus (8,19 por cento). Foram também isolados fungos raros com agentes etiológicos de ceratite como: Phaeosiaria sp; Phoma sp; Fonsecaea pedrosoi e Exserohilum rostratum.

Síndrome do Ápice Orbital como Primeira Manifestação Clínica no Paciente HIV Positivo / Orbital Apex Syndrome as First Clinical Picture in the HIV Patient

Estudo de um caso de herpes zoster acometendo paciente jovem que evoluiu inicialmente com ceratite puntacta e diminuição da sensibilidade corneana, para, em seguida, desenvolver uveite anterior severa e paralisia total de músculos extrínsecos extra-oculares e neurite óptica- Síndrome do Ápice-Orbital. Apresentamos, neste caso, os aspectos terapêuticos e evolutivo da doença, abordando a necessidade de se pesquisar sempre a presença do HIV em pacientes jovens acometidos de herpes zoster, pode o mesmo representar a primeira manifestação sistêmica da AIDS.

Case of mycotic keratis caused by Fusarium solani

O caso estudado refere-se a paciente de sexo masculino, 36 anos, feoderma, sem historia de doenca sistemica ou trauma ocular, apresentando ulcera corneana no olho esquerdo. Antes do estabelecimento do diagnostico especifico, o paciente foi tratado com antibiotico associado a corticosteroides durante um mes...

Childhood blindness in Iraq

One hundred and fifty students, blind before the age of 12 years, attending a special educational institution were studied. All students underwent a complete ophthalmological evaluation. Prior to 1970, acquired diseases as chronic bacterial and viral keratities led to blindness in 70% of students, while from 1970 on wards genetically determined diseases, particularly Congenital Cataract, counted for 81% of childhood blindness, 50% of them came from consanguineous marriages. The visual acuity in 32% was no light perception, in 60% varying from light perception to counting fingers at one mater and the rest had a vision varying between counting fingers at one mater and 6/60

Ceratite com úlcera corneana na Síndrome de Apert: relato de caso / Keratitis with cornean ulcer in Apert's syndrome: report of a case

Os autores, relatam um caso de ceratite com úlcera corneana na Síndrome de Apert, em um paciente de cinco meses encontrado no RS

Ulceras de córnea em serviço de referência / Corneal ulcers in reference service

A determinaçäo dos agentes etiológicos causadores de úlcera de córnea é importante devido a incidência variável de microorganismos nas diferentes regiöes do país. No presente trabalho realizado com os dados obtidos junto ao laboratório de Microbiologia Ocular da Escola Paulista de Medicina foram analisados 126 pacientes representando 13% da amostragem geral, com diagnóstico de úlcera de córnea da qual foi colhido material para bacterioscopia, citologia e cultura, desta forma procedeu-se a identificaçäo do agente etiológico e sua sensibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos. Dos casos estudados houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino sendo traumatismo corneano (14%) o fator predisponente mais citado nos dados de anamnese. Em relaçäo ao uso de medicaçäo tópica 47% utilizavam antibióticos e 6% corticóides até 24 horas antes da colheita de material. Houve comprovaçäo de ceratite infecciosa em 76 pacientes (61%) - em 11 casos apenas o exame direto do material colhido foi positivo para microorganismos e a cultura negativa. Nos casos em que a cultura foi positiva observou-se um crescimento maior em ágar sangue (45%) e forma identificados 74 microorganismos sendo que em 9 exames forma isoladas mais de uma bacteria...